The Galaxy and the iPhone use their 3X cameras in this case and crop in digitally, and this results in a lot of noise, especially on the Galaxy.
But notice something very interesting: in the 10X photos, the Galaxy is a complete disaster.
It uses the middle section of the main camera sensor to come up with this new 2X "lossless" mode, which is a similar trick to what Apple first introduced with the iPhone 14 Pro.